{"id":436,"date":"2026-03-06T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/cancer\/bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-cancer-types\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T09:00:00","slug":"bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-cancer-types","status":"publish","type":"cancer_type","link":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/cancer\/bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-cancer-types\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"ac-blog-article\">\n<p class=\"ac-blog-lead\"><strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u7a31\u70ba\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u8180\u80f1\u6700\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u4f54\u5168\u7403\u6240\u6709\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684 90% \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u7b49\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<nav class=\"ac-blog-toc\" aria-label=\"\u672c\u6587\u5c0e\u89bd\">\n<p><strong>\u672c\u6587\u5c0e\u89bd<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#what-is-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\uff1f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#causes-and-risk-factors-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u8207\u5371\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#symptoms-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u75c7\u72c0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#stages-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-and-survival-rates\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u5206\u671f\u8207\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#treatment-options-for-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u9078\u64c7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#limitations-of-traditional-therapies-for-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u50b3\u7d71\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong>?<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u900f\u904e\u7cd6\u89e3\u7b49\u904e\u7a0b\u5c0d\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6c27\u6c23\u4f9b\u61c9\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u74e6\u723e\u5821\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u6d88\u8017\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u7d30\u80de\u5feb\u8fd1 200 \u500d\uff0c\u9019\u70ba\u5275\u65b0\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5b\u5728\u6a19\u9776\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5f71\u97ff\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54 (WHO, 2024) \u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u8a3a\u65b7\u51fa\u7d04 573,000 \u4f8b\u65b0\u767c\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a72\u75be\u75c5\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c0e\u81f4\u8d85\u904e 212,000 \u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u6539\u5584\u8a8d\u8b58\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u9ad8\u767c\u5730\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"affected-populations-and-regional-trends-in-hong-kong-and-asia\">\u9999\u6e2f\u53ca\u4e9e\u6d32\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u53ca\u5340\u57df\u8da8\u52e2<\/h3>\n<p>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u5f71\u97ff 55 \u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 70 \u6b72\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u767c\u751f\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u983b\u7387\u662f\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u500d\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6027\u5225\u50be\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u767c\u751f\u7387\u660e\u986f\u53d7\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u907a\u50b3\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u674e\u570b\u83ef\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u5289\u570b\u9f8d\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5340\u57df\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u5438\u7159\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u63a5\u89f8\u74b0\u5883\u6bd2\u7d20\u6703\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9999\u6e2f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d04\u6709 1,200 \u4f8b\u65b0\u8a3a\u65b7\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57ce\u5e02\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u83f8\u8349\u6d88\u8cbb\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u8da8\u52e2\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8077\u696d\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8207\u7d21\u7e54\u548c\u76ae\u9769\u7522\u696d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u54c1\u548c\u67d3\u6599\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u7387\u8f03\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c0d\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u6df1\u9060\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6162\u6027\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u56b4\u91cd\u75b2\u52de\u3001\u6ccc\u5c3f\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u7126\u616e\u548c\u6182\u9b31\u5728\u5167\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5fc3\u7406\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6311\u6230\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u548c\u7167\u8b77\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"biological-basis-of-urothelial-carcinoma-and-metabolic-abnormalities\">\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u548c\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u57fa\u790e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u816b\u7624\u7279\u5fb5\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u4ee3\u8b1d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7279\u5fb5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u74e6\u723e\u5821\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5c0d\u764c\u75c7\u9032\u5c55\u3001\u5b58\u6d3b\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u62b5\u6297\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6709\u6c27\u7cd6\u89e3\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u4e73\u9178\u7522\u751f\u548c\u816b\u7624\u5fae\u74b0\u5883\u9178\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cd6\u89e3\u9176\u7684\u8868\u9054\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df1\u7cd6\u6fc0\u9176 2 \u548c\u4e73\u9178\u812b\u6c2b\u9176 (LDH)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5177\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u793a\u8e64\u5291\u6c1f\u812b\u6c27\u8461\u8404\u7cd6 (FDG) \u7684\u651d\u53d6\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u8a3a\u65b7\u5f71\u50cf\uff08PET \u6383\u63cf\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u8f49\u904b\u86cb\u767d (GLUT1) \u8868\u73fe\u91cf\u986f\u8457\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8207\u4e0d\u826f\u9810\u5f8c\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u9032\u5c55\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6a19\u8a18\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7570\u5e38\u4f7f AllCancer \u548c MD \u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u764c\u75c7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u80fd\u5920\u5229\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d\u6a19\u9776\u7642\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"allcancer-s-commitment-to-transformation-in-treatment\">AllCancer \u5c0d\u6cbb\u7642\u8f49\u578b\u7684\u627f\u8afe<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 AllCancer\uff0c\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b James Allison \u535a\u58eb\u548c Gregg Semenza \u535a\u58eb\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5408\u4f5c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u8b1d\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684 4D \u7642\u6cd5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5c07\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u7b26\u5408 AllCancer \u5230 2025 \u5e74\u4f7f 20 \u591a\u7a2e\u764c\u75c7\u985e\u578b\u6210\u70ba\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a2\u7d22\u8207\u5168\u7403\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5171\u540c\u958b\u767c\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u4ee3\u8b1d\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"causes-and-risk-factors-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u8207\u5371\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"genetic-factors-in-bladder-cancer\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u56e0\u7d20<\/h3>\n<p>\u907a\u50b3\u50be\u5411\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u8207\u764c\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u816b\u7624\u6291\u5236\u57fa\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 FGFR3 \u548c p53\uff09\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9a45\u52d5\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e73\u764c (BRCA1\/2) \u548c\u80ba\u764c (EGFR\u3001ALK) \u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u986f\u8457\u7a81\u8b8a\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u4f46\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u5728 RB1\u3001PIK3CA \u548c TERT \u555f\u52d5\u5b50\u5340\u57df\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"environmental-factors\">\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20<\/h3>\n<p>\u63a5\u89f8\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u60a3\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u9577\u671f\u63a5\u89f8\u806f\u82ef\u80fa\u548c\u03b2-\u8418\u80fa\u7b49\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u5b78\u54c1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u67d3\u6599\u548c\u6a61\u81a0\u5de5\u696d\u3002\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u8077\u696d\u66b4\u9732\u98a8\u96aa\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u7837\u6c61\u67d3\u8207\u5730\u5340\u76db\u884c\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5340\u57df\u66dd\u5149\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5ee3\u5dde\u3001\u6df1\u5733\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u5de5\u696d\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"lifestyle-factors-and-metabolic-vulnerabilities\">\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8106\u5f31\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7fd2\u6163\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u83f8\u8349\u6d88\u8cbb\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5438\u83f8\u8005\u7f79\u60a3\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0d\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u548c\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u9ea9\u91af\u80fa\u9178\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u7dda\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u80a5\u80d6\u548c\u9ad8\u7cd6\u98f2\u98df\u6d88\u8017\u8207\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u6613\u611f\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u9054 50% \u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u56b4\u91cd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9ea9\u91af\u80fa\u9178\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ad8\u7cd6\u98f2\u98df\u900f\u904e\u74e6\u723e\u5821\u6548\u61c9\u4fc3\u9032\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u589e\u751f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"asian-specific-risks-and-preventive-measures\">\u4e9e\u6d32\u7279\u6709\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u4e9e\u592a\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7368\u7279\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u7d20\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u6a19\u8a18\u3001\u98f2\u98df\u7fd2\u6163\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u66b4\u9732\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u9810\u9632\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7be9\u6aa2\u3001\u907f\u514d\u83f8\u8349\u88fd\u54c1\u3001\u6e1b\u5c11\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u63a5\u89f8\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u6700\u4f73\u4ee3\u8b1d\u5065\u5eb7\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u9810\u9632\u652f\u67f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7acb\u5373\u9810\u7d04\u8aee\u8a62\uff1a<\/strong> <a href=\"\/zh-hk\/appointment\/\">\u4e86\u89e3 AllCancer \u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e HK \u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\u548c 4D \u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u7642\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"symptoms-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u75c7\u72c0<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u75c7\u72c0 <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u65e9\u671f\u8a3a\u65b7\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u6539\u5584\u6cbb\u7642\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u75c7\u72c0\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5fae\u5999\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6ccc\u5c3f\u9053\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8b58\u5225\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9810\u8b66\u8a0a\u865f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u53ca\u6642\u8aee\u8a62\u548c\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"common-symptoms-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-include\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u75c7\u72c0\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8840\u5c3f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c3f\u4e2d\u5e36\u8840\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7121\u75db\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9bae\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u9152\u7d05\u8272\u6216\u68d5\u8272\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u983b\u5c3f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u660e\u986f\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6392\u5c3f\u9700\u6c42\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6392\u5c3f\u75bc\u75db\uff1a<\/strong> \u6392\u5c3f\u6642\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9069\u6216\u707c\u71b1\u611f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7dca\u6025\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5373\u4f7f\u8180\u80f1\u5df2\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u3001\u983b\u7e41\u3001\u5f37\u70c8\u5730\u60f3\u6392\u5c3f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9aa8\u76c6\u75bc\u75db\uff1a<\/strong> \u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u4e0b\u8179\u90e8\u6216\u9aa8\u76c6\u4e0d\u9069\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u80cc\u75db\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u764c\u75c7\u5f71\u97ff\u9644\u8fd1\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e0b\u80cc\u75db\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"stage-specific-symptoms\">\u7279\u5b9a\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\uff1a<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8b66\u89ba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u9810\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u6b63\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u65e9\u671f\u968e\u6bb5\uff08\u968e\u6bb5 1-2\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c3f\u4e2d\u5e36\u8840\uff0c\u983b\u5c3f\u3001\u5c3f\u6025\u3001\u6392\u5c3f\u6642\u6709\u8f15\u5fae\u4e0d\u9069\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u7d1a\u968e\u6bb5\uff08\u968e\u6bb5 3-4\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u9aa8\u76c6\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u5c3f\u6db2\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u986f\u8840\u6813\u3001\u98df\u617e\u4e0d\u632f\u3001\u4e0d\u660e\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u9ad4\u91cd\u6e1b\u8f15\u3001\u75b2\u52de\u3001\u75bc\u75db\u653e\u5c04\u81f3\u9130\u8fd1\u5668\u5b98\u6216\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d50\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u75c7\u72c0\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u5b78 <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5176\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8840\u5c3f\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u6b96\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7570\u5e38\u8840\u7ba1\u7834\u58de\u6b63\u5e38\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u5c64\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u5c3f\u6025\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8180\u80f1\u5167\u58c1\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u767c\u708e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u73fe\u53ef\u986f\u8457\u6539\u5584\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6301\u7e8c\u6216\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u8acb\u7acb\u5373\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c08\u5bb6\u8aee\u8a62\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u8a73\u7d30\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u53ca\u6642\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u95dc\u8a3a\u65b7\u548c\u7be9\u6aa2\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u9801\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"stages-of-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-and-survival-rates\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u5206\u671f\u8207\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5 <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong> \u5e6b\u52a9\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u5c0d\u9810\u5f8c\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u9078\u64c7\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9810\u671f\u3002\u5206\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u65bc\u764c\u75c7\u4fb5\u5165\u8180\u80f1\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5c40\u90e8\u6216\u9060\u7aef\u64f4\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"stage-1-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5 \u2013 \u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u8180\u80f1\u5167\u58c1\uff0c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u808c\u8089\u7a7f\u900f\u3002\u816b\u7624\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6dfa\u8868\u7684\u3001\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u4e14\u76f8\u5c0d\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5e79\u9810\u53ef\u4f7f\u5176\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6dfa\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec TURBT \u624b\u8853\uff08\u7d93\u5c3f\u9053\u8180\u80f1\u816b\u7624\u5207\u9664\u8853\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u63a1\u7528\u8180\u80f1\u5167\u5316\u7642\u6216\u5361\u4ecb\u82d7 (BCG) \u7b49\u514d\u75ab\u7642\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\uff1a\u6839\u64da\u9999\u6e2f\u816b\u7624\u767b\u8a18\u8655\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6578\u64da\uff0c1 \u671f\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u9810\u5f8c\u826f\u597d\uff0c5 \u5e74\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u59cb\u7d42\u8d85\u904e 85-95%\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"stage-2-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u7b2c 2 \u671f \u2013 \u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u6d78\u6f64\u8180\u80f1\u58c1\u7684\u808c\u8089\u5c64\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u5468\u570d\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u5f9e\u8868\u6dfa\u816b\u7624\u56b4\u91cd\u9032\u5c55\u70ba\u808c\u8089\u6d78\u6f64\u6027\u60e1\u6027\u816b\u7624\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\uff1a\u5f37\u5316\u6cbb\u7642\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u6cbb\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u5207\u9664\u8853\uff08\u624b\u8853\u5207\u9664\u8180\u80f1\uff09\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8180\u80f1\u5207\u9664\u8853\u3001\u5316\u7642\u548c\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\uff1a\u7576\u53ca\u6642\u958b\u59cb\u7d9c\u5408\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\u6642\uff0c\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e94\u5e74\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u5728 70-85% \u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"stage-3-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5 \u2013 \u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u816b\u7624\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u5177\u4fb5\u8972\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u7a7f\u904e\u808c\u8089\u5c64\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u9130\u8fd1\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u5340\u57df\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d50\u3002\u53ca\u6642\u3001\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ecb\u5165\u65e8\u5728\u904f\u5236\u5340\u57df\u50b3\u64ad\u4e26\u6539\u5584\u9810\u5f8c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u63a1\u7528\u806f\u5408\u7642\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u6cbb\u6027\u624b\u8853\u3001\u5f37\u5316\u5316\u7642\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u6a19\u9776\u653e\u5c04\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\uff1a\u5927\u7d04\u4e94\u5e74\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u5728 50-65% \u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u9810\u5f8c\u4ecd\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u512a\u52e2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"stage-4-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u7b2c\u56db\u968e\u6bb5 \u2013 \u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u968e\u6bb5\u4ee3\u8868\u6700\u665a\u671f\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u80ba\u90e8\u3001\u809d\u81df\u3001\u9aa8\u9abc\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u9060\u7aef\u8f49\u79fb\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u6cbb\u7642\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u986f\u8457\u5f71\u97ff\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6cbb\u7642\uff1a\u6cbb\u7642\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5168\u8eab\u5316\u7642\u3001\u7cbe\u6e96\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u91dd\u5c0d\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7684\u7642\u6cd5\uff08\u83ef\u4f2f\u683c\u6548\u61c9\uff09\uff09\u3001 FDA \u548c EMA \u6279\u51c6\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u514d\u75ab\u7642\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u8b77\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\uff1a\u4e94\u5e74\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5f9e 15% \u5230 30% \u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f49\u79fb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5c0d\u65b0\u578b\u5168\u8eab\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8b1d\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5275\u65b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c07\u665a\u671f\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u6162\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u5f9e\u4e9e\u6d32\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u60a3\u8005\u767b\u8a18\u8655\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u9810\u5f8c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u8a3a\u65b7\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u3001\u816b\u7624\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u65b9\u9762\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u4f9d\u5f9e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7372\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u6cbb\u7642\u5e79\u9810\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"treatment-options-for-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u9078\u64c7<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406 <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong> \u6d89\u53ca\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6cbb\u7642\u5305\u62ec\u624b\u8853\u3001\u5316\u7642\u3001\u653e\u7642\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u7642\u6cd5\u548c\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u671f\u3001\u816b\u7624\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u72c0\u6cc1\u548c\u504f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"surgical-therapies\">\u624b\u8853\u6cbb\u7642<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff0c\u624b\u8853\u4ecb\u5165\u662f\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7d93\u5c3f\u9053\u96fb\u5207\u8853\uff08TURBT\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u6cbb\u7642\u65e9\u671f\u975e\u808c\u8089\u5c64\u6d78\u6f64\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u764c (NMIBC)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5fae\u5275\u624b\u8853\u6d89\u53ca\u900f\u904e\u5c3f\u9053\u5207\u9664\u816b\u7624\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6839\u6cbb\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u5207\u9664\u8853\uff1a<\/strong> \u5efa\u8b70\u7528\u65bc\u808c\u8089\u5c64\u6d78\u6f64\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u764c (MIBC) \u548c\u96e3\u6cbb\u6027 NMIBC\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u624b\u8853\u5b8c\u5168\u5207\u9664\u8180\u80f1\u548c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6dcb\u5df4\u7d50\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u96a8\u5f8c\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u5efa\u6027\u5c3f\u6d41\u6539\u9053\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u63a1\u7528\u5148\u9032\u7684\u624b\u8853\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u8f14\u52a9\u8179\u8154\u93e1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u76e1\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u9069\u3001\u7e2e\u77ed\u5eb7\u5fa9\u6642\u9593\u4e26\u9650\u5236\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"chemotherapy-treatments\">\u5316\u7642\u6cbb\u7642<\/h3>\n<p>\u5316\u7642\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u65bc\u665a\u671f\u665a\u671f\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 <strong>\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8180\u80f1\u5167\u5316\u7642\uff1a<\/strong> \u900f\u904e\u5c0e\u7ba1\u76f4\u63a5\u6ce8\u5165\u8180\u80f1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7d72\u88c2\u9ef4\u7d20 C\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u975e\u808c\u8089\u6d78\u6f64\u6027\u764c\u75c7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5168\u8eab\u5316\u7642\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ee5\u9806\u9251\u6216\u5361\u9251\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u9251\u985e\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u6cbb\u7642\u8f49\u79fb\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u8207\u624b\u8853\u7d50\u5408\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u9810\u5f8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u7642\u6cd5\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9999\u6e2f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"radiation-therapy\">\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642<\/h3>\n<p>\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\u5728\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u6cbb\u7642\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u591a\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9ad4\u5916\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642 (EBRT)\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u65bc\u76f4\u63a5\u9776\u5411\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u4ee5\u6bba\u6b7b\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u60e1\u6027\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e09\u806f\u7642\u6cd5\uff08TMT\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c07 TURBT \u624b\u8853\u3001\u5316\u7642\u548c\u653e\u7642\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5668\u5b98\u4fdd\u7559\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u6839\u6cbb\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u5207\u9664\u8853\u7684\u808c\u8089\u5c64\u6d78\u6f64\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u60a3\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbb\u7642\u8a2d\u65bd\u63a1\u7528\u5148\u9032\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8abf\u5f37\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\uff08IMRT\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u5065\u5eb7\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u66b4\u9732\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u6539\u5584\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"immunotherapy-and-targeted-therapies\">\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7642\u548c\u6a19\u9776\u6cbb\u7642<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u6216\u8f14\u52a9\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\u6291\u5236\u5291\uff08PD-1\/PD-L1 \u6291\u5236\u5291\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d3e\u59c6\u55ae\u6297\u548c\u963f\u7279\u73e0\u55ae\u6297\uff09\u7b49\u514d\u75ab\u7642\u6cd5\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u665a\u671f\u8180\u80f1\u764c\u6cbb\u7642\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6aa2\u67e5\u9ede\u6291\u5236\u5291\u589e\u5f37\u4eba\u9ad4\u91dd\u5c0d\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u7642\u6cd5\u5931\u6557\u6642\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u816b\u7624\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u6c42\u5206\u5b50\u6a19\u9776\u6cbb\u7642\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u9818\u5148\u7684\u816b\u7624\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5728\u63a1\u7528\u548c\u958b\u767c\u9019\u4e9b\u5275\u65b0\u7642\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"metabolic-therapies-targeting-cancer-energetics\">\u91dd\u5c0d\u764c\u75c7\u80fd\u91cf\u5b78\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c08\u9580\u91dd\u5c0d\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee3\u8b1d\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<\/strong> \u5229\u7528 Warburg \u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u7642\u6cd5\u6291\u5236\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u8f49\u904b\u86cb\u767d GLUT1\/3\uff0c\u4f7f\u512a\u5148\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9ad8\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u6328\u9913\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ea9\u91af\u80fa\u9178\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5229\u7528\u9ea9\u91af\u80fa\u9178\u9176\u6291\u5236\u5291\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u4ee3\u8b1d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u9014\u5f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a57\uff0c\u70ba\u5fae\u5275\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u5e36\u4f86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"limitations-of-traditional-therapies-for-bladder-cancer-urothelial-carcinoma-of-\">\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u50b3\u7d71\u7642\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"chemotherapy-associated-challenges\">\u5316\u7642\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6311\u6230<\/h3>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5316\u7642\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5c0d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u54c1\u8cea\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7d04 78% \u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5831\u544a\u9aa8\u9ad3\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u8ca7\u8840\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc3\u81df\u6bd2\u6027\uff0d\u5927\u7d04 23% \u7684\u767c\u751f\u7387\u6703\u986f\u8457\u5f71\u97ff\u53d7\u640d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u81df\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u56b4\u91cd\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u9031\u908a\u795e\u7d93\u75c5\u8b8a\u548c\u5168\u8eab\u75b2\u52de\u7b49\u4f7f\u4eba\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u56b4\u91cd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"radiation-therapy-drawbacks\">\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede<\/h3>\n<p>\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\u5e38\u5f15\u8d77\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u4f75\u767c\u75c7\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u764c\u75c7\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u7d44\u7e54\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6162\u6027\u9aa8\u76c6\u4e0d\u9069\u548c\u8178\u9053\u6216\u6ccc\u5c3f\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7642\u8a98\u767c\u7e7c\u767c\u6027\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4f86\u81ea\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\u300b(JAMA Oncology) (2023) \u7b49\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u98a8\u96aa\u589e\u52a0\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"surgical-risks-and-complications\">\u624b\u8853\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u4f75\u767c\u75c7<\/h3>\n<p>\u624b\u8853\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6839\u6cbb\u6027\u8180\u80f1\u5207\u9664\u8853\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u91cd\u5927\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8853\u5f8c\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u8840\u6813\u548c\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u814e\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9577\u671f\u5f71\u97ff\u6703\u5927\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u6392\u5c3f\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u640d\u5bb3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u548c\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"resistance-mechanisms-in-cancer-cells\">\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u6a5f\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u50b3\u7d71\u7642\u6cd5\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u5927\u62b5\u6297\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7642\u6548\u9010\u6f38\u6e1b\u5f31\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DNA \u4fee\u5fa9\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\u9ad8\u9054 400%\uff0c\u4f7f\u764c\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u5920\u627f\u53d7\u5316\u7642\u548c\u8f3b\u5c04\u640d\u50b7\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5916\u6392\u6cf5\u548c\u85e5\u7269\u4ee3\u8b1d\u9176\u7684\u589e\u5f37\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u640d\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7642\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8b58\u5225\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u6297\u764c\u969c\u7919\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9451\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u816b\u7624\u5b78\u754c\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7b49\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u60a3\u8005\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8b77\u7406\u3001\u5275\u65b0\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7642\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u70ba\u8180\u80f1\u764c\uff08\u8180\u80f1\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u660e\u4eae\u4e14\u986f\u8457\u500b\u6027\u5316\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"ac-blog-cta\">\n<h2>\u9700\u8981\u5354\u52a9\u4e86\u89e3\u6cbb\u7642\u9078\u64c7\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u670d\u52d9\u5718\u968a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u6e96\u5099\u5831\u544a\u4e26\u5b89\u6392\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u8aee\u8a62\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a3a\u65b7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/zh-hk\/appointment\/\">\u9810\u7d04\u8aee\u8a62<\/a> &nbsp;|&nbsp; <a href=\"\/zh-hk\/cancer\/\">\u63a2\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u764c\u75c7\u985e\u578b<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ac-blog-disclaimer\"><em>\u91ab\u7642\u514d\u8cac\u8072\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u50c5\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u5408\u683c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u6cbb\u7642\u6c7a\u5b9a\u61c9\u57fa\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u3001\u5206\u671f\u3001\u75c5\u7406\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u767c\u73fe\u6301\u7e8c\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u8acb\u5c0b\u6c42\u91ab\u7642\u8a55\u4f30\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bladder Cancer (Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder), commonly referred to as urothelial carcinoma, originates in the urothelium, the innermost lining of the bladder.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":319,"menu_order":114,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-436","cancer_type","type-cancer_type","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cancer_type\/436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cancer_type"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cancer_type"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cancer_type\/436\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/all-cancers.com\/zh-hk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}